Cellular identity switch found
Scientists at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified the mechanism by which colon cancer cells transform their identity to spread through the body. The study reveals that tumor cells activate a specific set of genes that revert them to a stem-cell-like state, giving them the flexibility to survive in the bloodstream and colonize new tissues. This 'identity switch' is controlled by a protein complex called the epigenetic regulator.
Potential for new therapeutic targets
The discovery opens the door to therapies that could block this identity transformation. By targeting the epigenetic regulator, drugs could potentially lock colon cancer cells in their original state, preventing them from metastasizing. Since metastasis accounts for roughly 90% of colon cancer deaths, even a partial reduction in spread could save tens of thousands of lives annually.
Clinical trials could begin within two years
Several pharmaceutical companies have already expressed interest in developing drugs that target the newly identified pathway. The researchers estimate that clinical trials could begin within two years if preclinical safety testing proceeds smoothly. The discovery also has implications for other solid tumors, as similar identity-switching mechanisms have been observed in breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers.